/* Layout: one 1140px column. Each section keeps a narrow mono "margin note" label on the left, like a lab notebook.
   The hero pairs the name with a live free-surface figure (Fig. 1) of the raindrop Marangoni flow. */
:root{
  --bg:#F1F4F3;
  --paper:#FAFBFA;
  --ink:#121E1D;
  --muted:#55625F;
  --line:#D2DAD7;
  --accent:#B1245E;          /* rhodamine, the PLIF dye */
  --accent-ink:#FFFFFF;
  --water:#E1E8E6;
  --water-edge:#C9D5D2;
  --tracer:#1B2827;
  --mat:#FFFFFF;
  --mat-dim:1;
  --font-display:"Archivo","Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif;
  --font-body:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;
  --font-mono:"IBM Plex Mono",ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark){
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]){
    --bg:#0B1213; --paper:#111B1C; --ink:#E3E9E7; --muted:#93A19E; --line:#243132;
    --accent:#EF6E9D; --accent-ink:#1A0610;
    --water:#081112; --water-edge:#03090A; --tracer:#F1E6CC;
    --mat:#F4F5F3; --mat-dim:.9;
    color-scheme:dark;
  }
}
:root[data-theme="dark"]{
  --bg:#0B1213; --paper:#111B1C; --ink:#E3E9E7; --muted:#93A19E; --line:#243132;
  --accent:#EF6E9D; --accent-ink:#1A0610;
  --water:#081112; --water-edge:#03090A; --tracer:#F1E6CC;
  --mat:#F4F5F3; --mat-dim:.9;
  color-scheme:dark;
}

*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
body{
  margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);
  font-family:var(--font-body);font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.62;
  font-optical-sizing:auto;
}
img,svg,canvas{max-width:100%}
a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:.18em}
a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px}
p{margin:0}
h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--font-display);margin:0;text-wrap:balance;color:var(--ink)}

.wrap{
  max-width:1140px;margin-inline:auto;
  padding-left:max(16px, env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px));
  padding-right:max(16px, env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px));
}
@media (min-width:700px){
  .wrap{
    padding-left:max(32px, env(safe-area-inset-left, 0px));
    padding-right:max(32px, env(safe-area-inset-right, 0px));
  }
}

.label{
  font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.74rem;font-weight:500;
  letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);
}
.mono{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.82rem;letter-spacing:.01em}

/* ---------- top bar ---------- */
.top{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px 28px;padding-block:22px 0}
.mark{
  font-family:var(--font-display);font-stretch:125%;font-weight:750;font-size:1rem;
  letter-spacing:.02em;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;
}
.top nav ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px 22px}
.top nav a{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8rem;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}
.top nav a:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline}

/* ---------- hero ---------- */
.hero{padding-block:clamp(36px,7vw,84px) clamp(40px,6vw,72px)}
.hero .eyebrow{margin-bottom:18px}
.hero h1{
  font-stretch:125%;font-weight:720;
  font-size:clamp(2.6rem,8.6vw,5.5rem);
  line-height:.98;letter-spacing:-.02em;
}
.hero-grid{display:grid;gap:40px;margin-top:clamp(28px,4vw,48px)}
@media (min-width:940px){
  .hero-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,5fr) minmax(0,6fr);gap:56px;align-items:start}
}
.lead{font-size:1.24rem;line-height:1.5;max-width:34ch}
.hero-copy{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px;min-width:0}
.hero-copy p{max-width:62ch}
.status{
  display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:baseline;padding:12px 14px;
  border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--accent);background:var(--paper);
  font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.5;
}
.status .dot{width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);flex:none;transform:translateY(-1px)}
.actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}
.btn{
  display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;min-height:42px;padding:9px 16px;
  font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.82rem;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.02em;
  border:1px solid var(--ink);border-radius:2px;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;background:transparent;
}
.btn:hover{background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);text-decoration:none}
.btn--solid{background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg)}
.btn--solid:hover{background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink)}

.spec{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px 18px;margin:6px 0 0;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.spec dt{padding-top:.18em}
.spec dd{margin:0;font-size:.98rem}

/* ---------- Fig. 1 ---------- */
.fig{margin:0;min-width:0}
.fig-bar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px 16px;margin-bottom:10px}
.seg{display:inline-flex;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;background:var(--paper)}
.seg button{
  font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.76rem;letter-spacing:.03em;
  padding:7px 12px;min-height:36px;border:0;background:transparent;color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;
}
.seg button+button{border-left:1px solid var(--line)}
.seg button[aria-pressed="true"]{background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg)}
.stage{position:relative}
.surface{
  display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:4/3;max-width:100%;
  background:var(--water);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;
  cursor:crosshair;touch-action:manipulation;
}
.hint{
  position:absolute;left:12px;top:10px;pointer-events:none;
  font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);
}
.hint .touch{display:none}
@media (hover:none){.hint .mouse{display:none}.hint .touch{display:inline}}
.fig figcaption{margin-top:12px;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted);max-width:68ch}
.fig figcaption b{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-weight:500;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:.02em}

/* ---------- sections ---------- */
.sec{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:clamp(48px,7vw,88px)}
.sec-grid{display:grid;gap:18px}
@media (min-width:980px){
  .sec-grid{grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);column-gap:48px}
  .sec-grid > .label{position:sticky;top:28px;align-self:start;padding-top:.6em}
}
.sec-body{min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:28px}
.sec h2{font-stretch:112%;font-weight:660;font-size:clamp(1.65rem,3.2vw,2.3rem);line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.01em}
.intro{max-width:64ch;font-size:1.08rem}

/* research */
.studies{display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.study{display:grid;gap:10px 32px;padding-block:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.study:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
@media (min-width:760px){.study{grid-template-columns:190px minmax(0,1fr)}}
.study-meta{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:8px}
.study-meta .mono{color:var(--muted);line-height:1.45}
.study-main{min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}
.study h3{font-stretch:106%;font-weight:620;font-size:1.22rem;line-height:1.25}
.study p{max-width:66ch}
.out{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8rem;color:var(--muted)}
.pill{
  display:inline-block;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.7rem;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;
  padding:3px 9px;border:1px solid var(--ink);border-radius:999px;color:var(--ink);white-space:nowrap;
}
.pill--core{background:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink)}
.pill--prep{border-style:dashed;border-color:var(--muted);color:var(--muted)}
.pill--talk{border-color:var(--muted);color:var(--muted)}

/* projects */
.projects{display:grid;gap:16px}
@media (min-width:980px){.projects{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}}
.card{background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:3px;padding:22px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;min-width:0}
.card h3{font-stretch:106%;font-weight:620;font-size:1.14rem;line-height:1.25}
.card .tools{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.76rem;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.02em}
.card p{font-size:.98rem}
.card--feature{display:grid;gap:22px}
@media (min-width:760px){.card--feature{grid-column:1 / -1;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;padding:28px}}
.card--feature .txt{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;min-width:0}
.card--feature h3{font-size:1.4rem}
.figures{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8rem;color:var(--ink);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px 18px;padding-top:6px}
.figures span{white-space:nowrap}
.figures span::before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);margin-right:7px;transform:translateY(-1px)}
.schem{margin:0}
.schem svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.schem figcaption{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.72rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px}
.cp-plate{fill:var(--water);stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:1.5}
.cp-chip{fill:none;stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1.2;stroke-dasharray:4 4}
.cp-flow{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:6;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}
.cp-core{fill:none;stroke:var(--water);stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2 7;stroke-linecap:round}
.cp-txt{fill:var(--muted);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.08em}
.cp-head{fill:var(--accent)}

/* toolbox */
.tools-grid{display:grid;gap:26px 32px;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr))}
.tools-grid div{min-width:0}
.tools-grid ul{list-style:none;margin:10px 0 0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:4px}
.tools-grid li{font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.45}

/* publications */
.pubs{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:30px}
.pub-group{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}
.pub-group ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.pub{display:grid;grid-template-columns:4.2rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:16px;padding-block:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.pub .yr{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;padding-top:.2em}
.pub p{max-width:70ch;font-size:.98rem}
.pub .t{font-style:italic}
.pub .note{display:block;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.76rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px}
.aside-note{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted)}

/* teaching */
.teach{display:grid;gap:32px}
@media (min-width:860px){.teach{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.25fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:48px}}
.teach-copy{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:16px;min-width:0}
.record{margin:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.record div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:5.5rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:14px;align-items:baseline;padding-block:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.record dt{font-family:var(--font-display);font-stretch:118%;font-weight:680;font-size:1.35rem;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:var(--ink)}
.record dd{margin:0;font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.45}

/* background */
.timeline{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.tl{display:grid;gap:6px 28px;padding-block:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.tl:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
@media (min-width:700px){.tl{grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr)}}
.tl .when{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;padding-top:.25em}
.tl h3{font-stretch:106%;font-weight:620;font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.3}
.tl .where{color:var(--muted);font-size:.98rem}
.tl p.d{margin-top:6px;max-width:66ch;font-size:.98rem}

/* contact */
.contact{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.contact li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:7rem minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:12px;align-items:center;padding-block:14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.contact a{font-size:1.08rem;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.copy{
  font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.74rem;letter-spacing:.04em;
  padding:6px 10px;min-height:32px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;
}
.copy:hover{border-color:var(--ink)}
.copy[data-state="done"]{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent)}
@media (max-width:520px){
  .contact li{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto}
  .contact li .label{grid-column:1 / -1}
}

footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:28px 40px}
footer .wrap{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px 24px}
footer p{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.76rem;color:var(--muted)}

.study h3 a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none;background-image:linear-gradient(var(--accent),var(--accent));background-size:0 1px;background-position:0 100%;background-repeat:no-repeat}
.study h3 a:hover{background-size:100% 1px}

/* =========== case-study pages =========== */
.crumbs{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.78rem;color:var(--muted);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px}
.crumbs a{color:var(--muted)}
.case-head{padding-block:clamp(28px,5vw,64px) clamp(28px,4vw,48px);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px}
.case-tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px 14px}
.case-head h1{font-stretch:118%;font-weight:700;font-size:clamp(2.1rem,5.6vw,3.9rem);line-height:1.02;letter-spacing:-.018em;max-width:20ch}
.dek{font-size:1.22rem;line-height:1.52;max-width:60ch}
.facts{margin:8px 0 0;display:grid;gap:14px 28px;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(210px,1fr));padding-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.facts div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:4px;min-width:0}
.facts dd{margin:0;font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.45}

.case-grid{display:grid;gap:28px;padding-block:8px clamp(48px,7vw,88px)}
@media (min-width:980px){
  .case-grid{grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);column-gap:48px}
}
.toc{display:none}
@media (min-width:980px){
  .toc{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;position:sticky;top:28px;align-self:start;padding-top:6px}
  .toc ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px}
  .toc a{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.78rem;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}
  .toc a:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline}
}
.prose{min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:56px}
.prose section{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px;scroll-margin-top:24px}
.prose h2{font-stretch:112%;font-weight:660;font-size:clamp(1.45rem,2.6vw,1.9rem);line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-.01em}
.prose p{max-width:68ch}
.prose h3{font-stretch:106%;font-weight:620;font-size:1.08rem}

.compare{display:grid;gap:14px}
@media (min-width:700px){.compare{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}
.compare div{background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:3px;padding:16px 18px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;min-width:0}
.compare p{font-size:.98rem}
.compare .arrow{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8rem;color:var(--accent)}

.findings{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.findings li{display:grid;gap:6px 24px;padding-block:16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
@media (min-width:700px){.findings li{grid-template-columns:170px minmax(0,1fr)}}
.findings .k{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.78rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);padding-top:.2em}
.findings p{font-size:1rem}

.plate{margin:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;min-width:0}
.plate img,.plate video{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;background:var(--water)}
.plate figcaption{font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted);max-width:72ch}
.plate figcaption b{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-weight:500;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:.02em}
.plate .credit{display:block;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.72rem;margin-top:4px}
.plates{display:grid;gap:18px}
@media (min-width:760px){.plates--2{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.plates--3{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}}

.slot{
  display:grid;place-items:center;aspect-ratio:16/10;max-width:100%;padding:18px;text-align:center;
  border:1.5px dashed var(--line);border-radius:3px;background:var(--paper);
  font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);
}
.slot--tall{aspect-ratio:4/3}
.slot strong{display:block;color:var(--ink);font-weight:500;margin-bottom:4px}

.eq{
  margin:0;padding:16px 20px;background:var(--paper);border-left:3px solid var(--accent);overflow-x:auto;
  font-family:var(--font-body);font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5;
}
.eq i{font-style:italic}
.where{font-size:.98rem}

.cite-block{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted);padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:3px;max-width:72ch}

.pager{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px 24px;padding-block:28px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.pager a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--font-display);font-stretch:108%;font-weight:600;font-size:1.05rem}
.pager a span{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-weight:400;font-size:.74rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
.pager a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.pager .next{text-align:right;margin-left:auto}

.plate--paper img{background:var(--mat);padding:clamp(6px,1.5vw,14px);filter:brightness(var(--mat-dim))}
.plate--narrow{max-width:640px}
.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%}
.data-table{border-collapse:collapse;min-width:460px;font-size:.95rem;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.data-table caption{text-align:left;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.74rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);padding-bottom:8px}
.data-table th{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-weight:500;font-size:.76rem;color:var(--muted);text-align:left;padding:8px 18px 8px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}
.data-table td{padding:8px 18px 8px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}

.specs{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.specs li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:7.5rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:14px;align-items:baseline;padding-block:9px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:.97rem}
.plate video{background:#000}
.chart{margin:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;min-width:0}
.chart svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible}
.chart .ax{stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:1}
.chart .grid{stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:1;stroke-dasharray:2 4}
.chart .tick{fill:var(--muted);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:11px}
.chart .axlab{fill:var(--muted);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.04em}
.chart .s-conv{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2.25}
.chart .s-diff{fill:none;stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:1.75;stroke-dasharray:6 4}
.chart .s-conv-fill{fill:var(--accent);opacity:.08}
.chart .onset{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1;stroke-dasharray:3 3}
.chart .lab-conv{fill:var(--accent);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:12px;font-weight:500}
.chart .lab-diff{fill:var(--ink);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:12px}
.chart .lab-onset{fill:var(--muted);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:11px}
.chart .end{fill:var(--accent)}
.chart figcaption{font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted);max-width:72ch}
.chart figcaption b{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-weight:500;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--ink)}

.vid{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;min-width:0}
.vid video{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;background:#000}

.split{display:grid;gap:24px;align-items:start}
@media (min-width:860px){.split{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,300px) minmax(0,1fr)}}
.split-text{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px;min-width:0}
.eq-note{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.72rem;color:var(--muted);font-style:normal}
.frac{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:column;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;margin:0 .25em;font-size:.82em;line-height:1.25}
.frac > span:first-child{border-bottom:1px solid currentColor;padding:0 .25em .1em}
.frac > span:last-child{padding:.1em .25em 0}
.plates--figs img{padding:0;border:0;filter:none}
.plate--paper .plates--figs{background:var(--mat);padding:clamp(6px,1.5vw,14px);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;filter:brightness(var(--mat-dim))}
.plate--paper .plates--figs img{background:transparent}
.chart .bar{fill:var(--accent)}
.chart .bar--surf{fill:var(--accent);opacity:.55}
.chart .cat{fill:var(--ink);font-family:var(--font-body);font-size:13px}
.chart .val{fill:var(--ink);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:12px;font-weight:500}
.diagram .d-air{fill:var(--paper)}
.diagram .d-film{fill:var(--accent);opacity:.12}
.diagram .d-water{fill:var(--water)}
.diagram .d-iface{stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:1.5}
.diagram .d-filmedge{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1;stroke-dasharray:4 4}
.diagram .d-lab{fill:var(--ink);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.06em;font-weight:500}
.diagram .d-sub{fill:var(--muted);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:11px}
.diagram .d-var{fill:var(--accent);font-family:var(--font-body);font-style:italic;font-size:15px}
.diagram .d-prof{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2.5;stroke-linejoin:round}
.diagram .d-dot{fill:var(--accent)}
.diagram .d-arrow{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1.5}
.diagram .d-head{fill:var(--muted)}
.diagram svg{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px}

.plate--small{max-width:380px}
.big{font-size:1.6em;line-height:1;vertical-align:middle;font-weight:300}
.diagram .g-drop{fill:var(--water);stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2}
.diagram .g-p{fill:var(--ink)}
.diagram .g-arrow{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:2}
.diagram .g-head{fill:var(--muted)}
.diagram .g-field{stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2}
.diagram .g-fhead{fill:var(--accent)}
.diagram .s-cam{fill:var(--ink)}
.diagram .s-view{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:3 3}
.diagram .s-liq{fill:var(--water);stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:1}
.diagram .s-base{fill:var(--muted);opacity:.45}
.diagram .s-elec{fill:var(--ink)}
.diagram .s-psu{fill:var(--paper);stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:1.5}
.diagram .s-wire{fill:none;stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:1.5}
.mgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:10px 12px;align-items:center}
.mgrid .mg-col:first-child{grid-column:2}
.mgrid .mg-row{writing-mode:vertical-rl;transform:rotate(180deg);text-align:center}
.mgrid img{width:100%;height:100%;max-height:340px;object-fit:contain;background:var(--mat);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;filter:brightness(var(--mat-dim))}
.seq{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;align-items:end}
.seq div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:8px;min-width:0}
.seq img{display:block;width:100%;max-width:220px;height:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px}
@media (max-width:520px){.seq{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}

.cmp{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px 12px}
.cmp-sub{grid-column:1 / -1;margin-top:6px}
.cmp-cell{margin:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:4px;min-width:0}
.cmp-cell img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;background:var(--mat);filter:brightness(var(--mat-dim))}
@media (max-width:520px){.cmp{gap:8px}.cmp-cell .label{font-size:.66rem}}
.diagram .r-ray{stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:1;stroke-dasharray:4 5;opacity:.7}
.diagram .r-needle{stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:6}
.diagram .r-sub{fill:var(--ink);opacity:.75}
.diagram .r-cu{fill:#B87333}
.diagram .r-tec{fill:var(--muted);opacity:.6}
.diagram .r-sink{fill:var(--muted)}
.diagram .r-fin{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:4}
.diagram .r-fan{fill:var(--paper);stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:1.5}
.diagram .r-hub{fill:var(--ink)}
.diagram .r-lead{stroke:var(--line);stroke-width:1}
.diagram .r-tc{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:1.5}
.card h3 a.card-link{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
.card h3 a.card-link:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.card .out{margin-top:auto}
[hidden]{display:none !important}
.chart .fig-bar{margin-bottom:0}
.chart .iso{fill:none;stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1;opacity:.5}
.chart .iso-c{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2.25}
.chart .fit{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2}
.chart .nist circle{fill:var(--ink)}
.chart .band{fill:var(--accent);opacity:.08}
.chart .bar--ink{fill:var(--muted);opacity:.55}
.diagram .m-arm{fill:var(--muted);opacity:.4}
.diagram .m-sc{fill:var(--accent)}
.diagram .m-shaft{fill:var(--paper);stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:1.5}
.pipes{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px 12px;align-items:center}
.pipes .label{text-align:right;white-space:nowrap}
.pipes img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;background:#00007F}
.cbar{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:10px;align-items:center;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.72rem;color:var(--muted)}
.cbar i{display:block;height:8px;border-radius:1px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#00007F,#0000FF 12%,#00FFFF 37%,#FFFF00 62%,#FF0000 87%,#7F0000)}
.chart .halo{paint-order:stroke;stroke:var(--bg);stroke-width:5px;stroke-linejoin:round}
.diagram .v-body{fill:var(--paper);stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:1.5}
.diagram .v-axle{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:3}
.diagram .v-axle.on{stroke:var(--accent)}
.diagram .v-wheel{fill:var(--ink)}
.diagram .v-part{fill:var(--paper);stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1.5}
.diagram .v-part.on{stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2.25}
.diagram .v-cell{fill:var(--muted);opacity:.45}
.diagram .v-gap{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1;stroke-dasharray:4 4}
.diagram .v-flow{fill:none;stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:2}
.diagram .v-flow-head{fill:var(--accent)}
.diagram .v-cap{fill:var(--muted);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.06em}
.diagram .v-cap.on{fill:var(--accent);font-weight:500}
.cbar--turbo i{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#30123b,#4145ab 10%,#4675ed 20%,#39a2fc 30%,#1bcfd4 40%,#24eca6 50%,#61fc6c 60%,#a4fc3b 70%,#d1e834 80%,#fe9b2d 90%,#d93806 96%,#7a0403)}
.chart .s-alt{fill:none;stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:1.5 3.5;stroke-linecap:round}
.chart .lab-alt{fill:var(--muted);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:12px}

/* =========== v2: livelier home page =========== */
.topbar{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:30;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--bg) 82%,transparent);-webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(1.4) blur(10px);backdrop-filter:saturate(1.4) blur(10px);border-bottom:1px solid transparent;transition:border-color .2s}
.topbar.scrolled{border-bottom-color:var(--line)}
.topbar .top{padding-block:14px}
.top nav a[aria-current="true"]{color:var(--ink)}
html{scroll-padding-top:64px}

.hero{position:relative;isolation:isolate}
.hero::before{
  content:"";position:absolute;z-index:-1;inset:-120px -10vw auto auto;width:min(760px,90vw);height:620px;pointer-events:none;
  background:radial-gradient(closest-side,color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent) 16%,transparent),transparent 72%);
}
.hero h1{background:linear-gradient(100deg,var(--ink) 55%,var(--accent) 120%);-webkit-background-clip:text;background-clip:text;color:transparent}
.eyebrow{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}
.eyebrow-dot{width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 0 color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent) 55%,transparent);animation:pulse 2.4s ease-out infinite}
@keyframes pulse{0%{box-shadow:0 0 0 0 color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent) 55%,transparent)}80%,100%{box-shadow:0 0 0 10px transparent}}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.eyebrow-dot{animation:none}}

.stats-band{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper)}
.stats{list-style:none;margin:0 auto;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(170px,1fr));gap:0}
.stats li{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;padding:26px 20px 24px 0;min-width:0}
.stats li+li{padding-left:20px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}
@media (max-width:760px){.stats{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.stats li{padding:18px 12px!important;border-left:0!important;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.stats li:nth-child(-n+2){border-top:0}.stats li:last-child{grid-column:1 / -1}}
.stats .num{font-family:var(--font-display);font-stretch:125%;font-weight:760;font-size:clamp(2rem,4.2vw,3rem);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--accent);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.stats .num sup{font-size:.5em;vertical-align:top;position:relative;top:.15em;margin-left:1px}
.stats .cap{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.35;color:var(--muted);max-width:22ch}

.sec-label{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px}
.sec-no{font-family:var(--font-display);font-stretch:125%;font-weight:760;font-size:.95rem;color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:0}

/* research rows with a picture */
.study{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
@media (min-width:760px){.study{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,280px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:10px 32px;align-items:start}}
.study-media{display:block;position:relative;aspect-ratio:16/10;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#0b1213}
.study-media img,.study-media svg{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1)}
.study:hover .study-media img,.study:hover .study-media svg{transform:scale(1.04)}
.study-main .study-meta{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px 12px}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.study-media img,.study-media svg,.card-cover img{transition:none}.study:hover .study-media img,.card--media:hover .card-cover img{transform:none}}

/* projects */
.projects{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
@media (min-width:860px){.projects{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}
.card{transition:transform .25s ease,box-shadow .25s ease,border-color .25s ease}
.card:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:0 14px 34px -18px color-mix(in srgb,var(--ink) 45%,transparent);border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent) 35%,var(--line))}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.card,.card:hover{transition:none;transform:none}}
.card--feature{grid-column:1 / -1}
.card--media{padding:0;overflow:hidden}
.card-cover{display:block;aspect-ratio:16/10;overflow:hidden;background:#0b1213;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.card-cover img,.card-cover svg{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .5s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1)}
.card--media:hover .card-cover img{transform:scale(1.04)}
.card-body{padding:20px 22px 22px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;flex:1}
.card-body .out{margin-top:auto}
.kpis{list-style:none;margin:6px 0 0;padding:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px}
.kpis li{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2px;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;background:var(--bg)}
.kpis b{font-family:var(--font-display);font-stretch:118%;font-weight:720;font-size:1.35rem;color:var(--accent);line-height:1.1}
.kpis span{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.3}

/* toolbox chips */
.tool-groups{display:grid;gap:22px 32px}
@media (min-width:860px){.tool-groups{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}
.tool-group{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;min-width:0}
.chips{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px}
.chips li{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.2;padding:6px 10px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);transition:border-color .2s,color .2s}
.chips li:hover{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent)}

.ca{color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;margin-left:1px}

/* mentoring */
.sub-h{font-stretch:106%;font-weight:640;font-size:1.15rem;margin-top:8px}
.mini-cards{display:grid;gap:14px}
@media (min-width:860px){.mini-cards{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}}
.mini{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;padding:16px 18px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--accent);border-radius:4px;background:var(--paper);min-width:0}
.mini h4{margin:0;font-family:var(--font-display);font-stretch:106%;font-weight:640;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.3}
.mini p{font-size:.95rem}
.mini .tools{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.74rem;color:var(--muted)}

.tl-list{margin:10px 0 0;padding-left:1.1em;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;max-width:66ch;font-size:.97rem}
.tl-list li::marker{color:var(--accent)}

/* contact call-to-action */
.cta{background:var(--accent);color:var(--accent-ink);padding-block:clamp(52px,7vw,92px)}
.cta-grid{display:grid;gap:28px;align-items:start}
@media (min-width:900px){.cta-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1.1fr);gap:56px}}
.cta h2{color:var(--accent-ink);font-stretch:125%;font-weight:760;font-size:clamp(2.4rem,6vw,4.2rem);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:14px 0 16px}
.cta .label,.cta .sec-no{color:var(--accent-ink);opacity:.85}
.cta .intro{color:var(--accent-ink);max-width:42ch}
.cta .contact{border-top-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent-ink) 30%,transparent)}
.cta .contact li{border-bottom-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent-ink) 30%,transparent)}
.cta .contact a{color:var(--accent-ink);font-weight:500}
.cta .copy{background:transparent;color:var(--accent-ink);border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent-ink) 45%,transparent)}
.cta .copy:hover{border-color:var(--accent-ink)}
.cta .copy[data-state="done"]{border-color:var(--accent-ink);color:var(--accent-ink)}
.cta a:focus-visible,.cta button:focus-visible{outline-color:var(--accent-ink)}
main{overflow-x:clip}
.study-media,.card-cover{width:100%;min-width:0}
@media (max-width:700px){
  .topbar .top{flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:center;gap:14px;padding-block:12px}
  .topbar nav{min-width:0;flex:1;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;scrollbar-width:none;mask-image:linear-gradient(90deg,#000 85%,transparent)}
  .topbar nav::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}
  .topbar nav ul{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:16px;padding-right:24px}
  .topbar nav a{white-space:nowrap}
  .mark{flex:none}
}
@media (min-width:980px){.toc{top:84px}.sec-grid > .label{top:84px}}
.prose section{scroll-margin-top:80px}
/* Google Scholar metrics */
.scholar{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;background:var(--paper);padding:16px 20px 14px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}
.scholar-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.scholar-head a{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.8rem}
.scholar-grid{margin:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0}
.scholar-grid div{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;gap:4px;padding:4px 16px 4px 0;min-width:0}
.scholar-grid div+div{padding-left:16px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}
.scholar-grid dt{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.74rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
.scholar-grid dd{margin:0;display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.scholar-grid b{font-family:var(--font-display);font-stretch:125%;font-weight:760;font-size:clamp(1.8rem,4vw,2.6rem);line-height:1;color:var(--accent);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.scholar-grid dd span{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted)}
.scholar-note{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted)}

/* cold plate page and card */
.m-conv{fill:var(--accent)}
.m-diff{fill:var(--bg);stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:1.5}
.m-hit{fill:none;stroke:var(--ink);stroke-width:1.25}
.lim{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1.25;stroke-dasharray:5 4}
.drop{stroke:var(--muted);stroke-width:1;stroke-dasharray:2 3}
.lab-lim{fill:var(--muted);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:11px}
.cp-maps-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit}
.cp-maps-grid>span{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:7px;min-width:0}
.cp-maps-grid img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:1;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;filter:brightness(var(--mat-dim))}
.cp-maps-grid .label{color:var(--ink)}
/* an odd last project card spans the row, cover beside the text */
@media (min-width:860px){
  .projects>.card--media:last-child:nth-child(even){grid-column:1 / -1;flex-direction:row}
  .projects>.card--media:last-child:nth-child(even) .card-cover{width:44%;flex:none;aspect-ratio:auto;min-height:100%;border-bottom:0;border-right:1px solid var(--line)}
}
/* 404 */
.nf{padding-block:clamp(72px,14vw,160px);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px}
.nf h1{font-size:clamp(2rem,5vw,3.2rem)}
.nf-links{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.9rem}
/* co-authored publications page */
.pubs-page{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:28px;padding-bottom:clamp(48px,7vw,88px)}
.pubs-page>*{max-width:900px}
.pub .cites{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.76rem;color:var(--muted);white-space:nowrap}
.pub-more{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--accent);background:var(--paper);padding:14px 16px;border-radius:2px}
.pub-more p{max-width:62ch}
/* gallery */
.gallery{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:22px;padding-bottom:clamp(40px,6vw,72px)}
.g-filter{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}
.g-filter button{font:500 .78rem/1 var(--font-mono);letter-spacing:.03em;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;padding:9px 14px;cursor:pointer}
.g-filter button span{color:var(--muted);margin-left:4px}
.g-filter button:hover{border-color:var(--accent)}
.g-filter button[aria-pressed="true"]{background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);border-color:var(--ink)}
.g-filter button[aria-pressed="true"] span{color:inherit;opacity:.7}
.g-grid{columns:3 280px;column-gap:16px}
.g-item{break-inside:avoid;margin:0 0 16px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:3px;overflow:hidden;display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.g-item[hidden]{display:none}
.g-media{position:relative;background:#0b1213}
.g-media img,.g-media video{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.g-open{display:block;width:100%;padding:0;border:0;background:none;cursor:zoom-in}
.g-open img{transition:transform .4s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1)}
.g-open:hover img{transform:scale(1.03)}
.g-badge{position:absolute;top:10px;left:10px;font:500 .66rem/1 var(--font-mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:rgba(11,18,19,.72);padding:6px 8px;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none}
.g-item figcaption{padding:11px 14px 13px;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.45;color:var(--muted)}
.g-item figcaption a{white-space:nowrap;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.76rem;margin-left:4px}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.g-open img{transition:none}.g-open:hover img{transform:none}}
.lightbox{border:0;padding:0;background:transparent;max-width:min(96vw,1400px);max-height:94vh;overflow:visible}
.lightbox::backdrop{background:rgba(5,9,10,.9)}
.lightbox figure{margin:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;align-items:center}
.lightbox img{display:block;max-width:min(92vw,1400px);max-height:80vh;width:auto;height:auto;background:#fff;border-radius:2px}
.lightbox figcaption{color:#e3e9e7;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.5;max-width:70ch;text-align:center}
.lb-btn{position:fixed;width:44px;height:44px;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.35);background:rgba(11,18,19,.6);color:#fff;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:1;cursor:pointer;display:grid;place-items:center}
.lb-btn:hover{border-color:#fff}
.lb-close{top:16px;right:16px}
.lb-prev{left:16px;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}
.lb-next{right:16px;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}

/* ===== v3: colour from the lab ===== */
:root{
  --plif:#0F7A55; --cold:#1F5FA8; --amber:#9A5A0C; --tint:#E6EEEE; --deep:#0C2230;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark){
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]){--plif:#4BE3A0;--cold:#6AAEF5;--amber:#F2A54A;--tint:#0E181A;--deep:#07161F}
}
:root[data-theme="dark"]{--plif:#4BE3A0;--cold:#6AAEF5;--amber:#F2A54A;--tint:#0E181A;--deep:#07161F}

/* hero figure as a dark-field PIV view: glowing tracers on dark water */
.hero .stage{--water:#0C2230;--water-edge:#06141C;--tracer:#D9EEE8;--muted:#9DB4B1;--accent:#EF6E9D;--ink:#E3E9E7}
.hero .surface{border-color:#0C2230;box-shadow:0 18px 40px -24px rgba(12,34,48,.55)}
.hero::before{background:radial-gradient(closest-side,color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent) 14%,transparent),transparent 72%),
  radial-gradient(closest-side at 30% 70%,color-mix(in srgb,var(--plif) 10%,transparent),transparent 70%)}

/* photo band */
.lab-strip{background:var(--deep);color:#E3EDEB;padding-block:clamp(36px,5vw,60px)}
.lab-head{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px 24px;margin-bottom:20px}
.lab-head h2{color:#F3F8F7;font-stretch:112%;font-weight:660;font-size:clamp(1.3rem,2.4vw,1.7rem);line-height:1.15}
.lab-head a{color:#7FE0B4;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.85rem}
.lab-grid{display:grid;gap:10px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));grid-auto-rows:150px}
.tile{position:relative;display:block;overflow:hidden;border-radius:6px;background:#06141C;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;isolation:isolate}
.tile img,.tile video{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1)}
.tile:hover img,.tile:hover video,.tile:focus-visible img{transform:scale(1.05)}
.tile::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:auto 0 0 0;height:60%;background:linear-gradient(180deg,transparent,rgba(4,12,17,.82));pointer-events:none}
.tile-cap{position:absolute;left:12px;right:12px;bottom:10px;z-index:1;font-family:var(--font-body);font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.3;text-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.5)}
.tile:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #7FE0B4;outline-offset:3px}
.t-a{grid-row:span 2}
.t-f img{object-position:50% 40%}
@media (min-width:900px){
  .lab-grid{grid-template-columns:1.05fr 1.5fr 1fr 1fr;grid-auto-rows:210px}
  .t-a{grid-column:1;grid-row:1 / span 2}
  .t-b{grid-column:2 / span 2;grid-row:1}
  .t-c{grid-column:4;grid-row:1}
  .t-d{grid-column:2;grid-row:2}
  .t-e{grid-column:3;grid-row:2}
  .t-f{grid-column:4;grid-row:2}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.tile img,.tile video{transition:none}.tile:hover img,.tile:hover video{transform:none}}

/* stats in the lab colours */
.stats li:nth-child(1) .num{color:var(--accent)}
.stats li:nth-child(2) .num{color:var(--plif)}
.stats li:nth-child(3) .num{color:var(--cold)}
.stats li:nth-child(4) .num{color:var(--amber)}
.stats li:nth-child(5) .num{color:var(--accent)}

/* each section carries one lab colour; alternate sections sit on a tint */
.sec{--hue:var(--accent)}
#research{--hue:var(--plif)}
#projects{--hue:var(--cold)}
#toolbox{--hue:var(--amber)}
#publications{--hue:var(--accent)}
#teaching{--hue:var(--plif)}
#background{--hue:var(--cold)}
#projects,#publications,#background{background:var(--tint)}
.sec .sec-no{color:var(--hue)}
.sec .sec-body > h2::before{content:"";display:block;width:48px;height:4px;border-radius:2px;background:var(--hue);margin-bottom:16px}
.sec .study-meta .pill:not(.pill--prep){border-color:var(--hue)}
.mini{border-top-color:var(--hue)}
.timeline .when{color:var(--hue)}

/* toolbox chips coloured by group */
.tool-group:nth-child(1){--g:var(--amber)}
.tool-group:nth-child(2){--g:var(--plif)}
.tool-group:nth-child(3){--g:var(--cold)}
.tool-group:nth-child(4){--g:var(--accent)}
.tool-group:nth-child(5){--g:var(--amber)}
.tool-group:nth-child(6){--g:var(--plif)}
.tool-group .label{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;color:var(--ink)}
.tool-group .label::before{content:"";width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--g)}
.tool-group .chips li{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--g) 9%,var(--paper));border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--g) 32%,var(--line))}
.tool-group .chips li:hover{border-color:var(--g);color:var(--ink)}

/* supervision tally */
.tally{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px}
.tally li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:10px;padding:12px 18px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--hue);border-radius:4px}
.tally b{font-family:var(--font-display);font-stretch:118%;font-weight:760;font-size:1.9rem;line-height:1;color:var(--hue)}
.tally b sup{font-size:.5em;vertical-align:top;position:relative;top:.15em}
.tally span{font-size:.98rem;color:var(--ink)}
.sub-intro{color:var(--muted);font-size:.95rem;margin-top:-8px}
@media (max-width:899px){.t-f{grid-column:span 2}.t-f img{object-position:50% 35%}}